The use of a technology of plasma is a relatively new direction in the cosmetology and is not yet entirely clear. The first devices were created as an alternative to laser rejuvenation, however, recent studies show that the potential use of plasma is much wider.
To understand the advantages of the use of the technologies of plasma, we will first understand what is the plasma. The plasma is a gas, which, unlike the usual, we stable gas is not only of the molecules are neutral, but it also includes charged particles — free electrons and the positive and negative ions (and in some cases is only from these charged particles).
There are 2 types of plasmas:
The plasma is the source:
Specific effects of the interaction with the target tissues of the depend on the type of nozzle for the plasma, and the sound of the dose, flow rate, pressure, time of exposure (the options that may be influenced by the change of the devices) and the characteristics of more fabric.
The origin of medicine has adopted the effects of the heat of the plasma. Thus, the high-speed plasma obtained using the impact on the inert gases, the electric current of great strength, is known as a plasma, a knife, and is used for the dissection and removal of tissues. The ability of the plasma by heating the fabric (although with less intensity) became the basis of its use and cosmetology.
However, it must be said that in recent years, more and more attention attracts the technology of low temperature cold plasma (35-40onWith), so you can achieve curative effects, without damaging the living tissue.
It is currently studying the possibility of the use of the ability of cold, low-temperature plasma to generate free radicals and uv radiation for the disinfection of the skin of the man, as well as for the treatment of wounds. Such exposure can kill the antibiotic-resistant organisms (which is especially important for hospital-acquired infections), without damaging the same skin. Antimicrobial activity of plasma has been demonstrated not only in laboratory animals, but also in the context of randomized studies in man: the treatment of wounds in a period of two minutes using cold argon plasma stimulates a significant decrease in the amount, such as pneumonia and bacteria in wounds.
In addition, it has been revealed that the treatment of injuries to cold, low-temperature plasma accelerates their healing. Recent work, published in the journal Scientific Reports, has shown that this plasma stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes through the activation of β-catenin-signaling pathway and the inhibition of E-cadherin, which is responsible for contact inhibition of cell growth. In the mouse, whose injuries are treated at low temperature of plasma, already at the end of the 15 days referred to almost complete of the epidermis and the muscle tissue, as well as a high density of collagen fibers, while in the wounds, healing naturally, these processes went much more slowly.
Recent studies have shown that the cold plasma leads to a temporary reduction in the barrier function of the corneal layer and increase the permeability of the skin to the pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. It is assumed that this is due to the restructuring of the lipid bilayers under the action of plasma, and the temporary formation of channels that allow the passage of various substances.
The beginning of the era of the technology of plasma in cosmetology is linked to the effects of plasma. Thus, the plasma methods of rejuvenation are based on controlled thermal damage to the tissue in order to execute the process of regeneration and "update" of the tissues. It is a basic principle and other methods of material rejuvenation, but in the case of the use of plasma with their own characteristics.
Pioneer plasma rejuvenation is a technology of plasma skin regeneration (Plasma Skin Regeneration, PSR), which appeared in 2006 as a gas plasma has been proposed to use nitrogen is an inert gas, which is capable of displacing oxygen needed for the oxidation and combustion, the surface of the skin, and thus minimize the risk of burns and scars.
Under the effect of high-frequency electric current in the arm of the device occurs the ionization of the molecules of nitrogen and form a plasma, which is delivered to the skin without contact in the form of short pulses (such as non-contact mode of treatment allows the skin to cool down rapidly and eliminates the risk of burns from the device). It is, in effect, the plasma is a "vector" of the electric power.
Once the plasma is on the skin, its energy is quickly distributed over the surface and provides a gradient heating of the skin, primarily the epidermis, and, depending on the energy level) of the dermis with the formation of the surface area of irreversible thermal damage and the deeper zone of modified thermal.
It is important that, unlike lasers, plasmas do not require the presence of chromophores in the skin, so heating of the tissue flows uniformly, without "explosive" vaporizations of the tissues. The layer of old damaged skin serves as a biologic dressing protector" of the underlying cells and remains in place until a new, and then gradually disappearing. In addition, it allows the treatment of the skin of all phototypes and reduces the risk of side effects in the form of scars, infections, and depigmentation. Even in the case of a high-energy impact deepithelization is made quickly and is usually completed in a period of 5-7 days after the procedure.
The processes that occur in the dermal layer, is longer. Immediately after the treatment is celebrated the recovery of the collagen fibers (in areas where the temperature warming not exceed 60on) and the heat shock response, and then occurs the gradual destruction of the damaged structures, and the activation of neocollagenesis and neoelastogenesis. The remodeling process of the skin continues for at least 3 months after the treatment.
Another option is to use the special properties of plasmas in rejuvenating treatments is infinitesimally small in plasma RF-technology which appeared in 2010
On air of pointing device (in the form of rolls mobile or fixed nozzles) placed many needles electrodes (spicules). With the approach of the surface of the skin on a few micrometers powerful electrical rf discharge, passing across the electrodes, generates a snapshot of the plasma (plasma discharge at high density).
These flash units "percent" of the epidermis and the upper layers of the dermis, forming channels surrounded by an area of thermal damage. During the further rotation of the ball (or fixed pressure of the nozzle) spicules in a hurry in these zones of ablation, by exerting on them an additional mechanical impact.
The depth and size of the damage is determined by the energy and the pulse duration (according to the studies on the skin of the piglets, well ablation can reach up to 50 ám to 200 ám and depth of 80 ám to 200 ám in diameter, and a zone of coagulation — extend over 100-200 µm around them). Epithelialization is completed in about 3-4 days, the process of remodeling of the dermis that last up to 6 months.
Tiny radio frequency plasma-treatment, it is recommended for the correction of aging (wrinkles, sagging skin, etc), as well as for the alignment of the skin tones and the reduction of scars. In addition, the speed of execution of the procedure (average 10 min to 5 passes per person), you can use rollers for the treatment of large skin surfaces, for example, of the stomach.
What are the characteristics of the plasma rejuvenation compared to a laser, an alternative to which it was originally created?
Unlike lasers, the plasma can be used on skin of all phototypes. Hyperpigmentation, which may occur after the procedures, in the set occurs less frequently than in the case of a laser treatment. Also significantly reduces the risk of infection and scarring.
It has been shown that WITH2lasers to form more homogeneous according to the depth and diameter of the damage, whereas in the case of the use of plasma, these dimensions may vary. In addition, lasers offer a more profound impact than the plasma. However, it is more the effects of surface plasma treatment can be one of the reasons less risk of inflammatory hyperpigmentation.
In regards to the effectiveness of the procedures, it was a direct comparison to the split plasma RF-technologies, and fractionated WITH2laser to remove the scars of acne. One side of the face of the patients (in total, 33 people participated in III and IV of the skin) using plasma, another laser, to 3 of the procedure for each species. The depth of damage in the first case ranged from less than 120 to 150 µm and the diameter was from 150 to 180 µm. Fractionated WITH2-the laser is formed of damages to a depth of 300 to 400 µm and a diameter of 100 to 120 µm. The zone of thermal injury around a well-ablation was greater in the case of plasmas.
The two method is essentially and almost equivalent, has reduced the severity of scars acne — with 51.1 ± the 14.2 to 22.3 ± 8.6 to in the case of a plasma (better 56,4%) and 48.8 ± of 15.1 to 19.9 ± 7.92-laser (improvement of the 59,2%) on the scale of the ESSA. By doing this, in response to the laser effect of 12 persons (36.4 per cent) has evolved post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, and the part of plasma of the treatment of these complications has been recorded.
Thus, the plasma helps fight against pigmentation troubles, the upgrade of the texture and tone of the skin and, in fact, is equivalent to the non-ablative lasers. High-energy plasma, in turn, contributes to the fight against the most serious of the defects, such as wrinkles, decreased elasticity and firmness of the skin but also scars, acne and stretch marks, but the depth of the impact will be limited to the upper layers of the dermis (in the case of lasers depth thermal zones can be greater than 1 mm).
And while the rejuvenation of the door with a lower risk of side effects and requires less recovery time, the effectiveness of ablative lasers remains high. However, these procedures can be selection procedures in patients with skin types, because they have greatly reduced the risk of inflammatory hyperpigmentation.
In addition, the technology of using plasma to develop, and already there are now a growing number of devices promising, with new properties that allow them to escape from the comparison with the "small brother" of lasers and occupy a niche.
The main difference with a serious professional plasma devices, portable devices for home and salon use is the presence of a control of the depth and extent of the lesions of the skin. It is an extremely important aspect, which allows to receive the expected result and reduce the risk of adverse side effects.
The number of new devices that use features of plasma, increases each year. Appear even the portable devices, allowing the use of the energy of the plasma in the living room and the house. However, it should be noted that they are the modes of exposure, do not have the possibility to change neither the strength, nor the depth, nor the time of treatment, which raises questions about their efficacy and safety.
At the same time, the professional developers of devices, to the contrary, they concentrate their efforts on the improvement of devices and the creation of more technologies that are controlled, can achieve expected and stable results.
The interest of the screen technology develops, it shows a large number of devices appearing on the market in recent years. Plasma rejuvenation provides a more low-impact than ablative lasers, but with a lesser number of side effects and is more controlled. An additional advantage is the possibility to use plasma for the treatment of darker skin phototypes of the skin.
In addition, apparent aesthetic of the device of generation of low temperature cold plasma, which significantly improves the prospects of the use of the technologies of plasma and allows to estimate the growth of their popularity in the future.